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Computer System Architecture - Central Processing Unit

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6. Arrange the following configuration for CPU in decreasing order of operating speeds : Hard wired control, vertical micro-programming, horizontal micro-programming.

  • Option : B
  • Explanation : Hardwired control is the fastest. Since horizontal microprogramming involves lesser number of instructions, it is faster than vertical microprogramming.
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7. The microinstructions stored in the control memory of a processor have a width of 26 bits. Each microinstruction is divided into three fields: a micro-operation field of 13 bits, a next address field (X), and a MUX select field (Y).
How many bits are there in the X and Y fields, and what is the size of the control memory in number of words ?

  • Option : A
  • Explanation : Control memory processor has 26 bit microinstruction divided into three field microoperation field is 13.
    So, next address field (X) = 10
    MAX select field = 3
    Size of control = 210 = 1024
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Consider the following assembly language program for a hypothetical processor. A, B and C are 8 bit registers. The meanings of various instructions are shown as comments.
MOV B, # 0 ; B ⇽ 0
MOV C, # 8 ; C ⇽ 8
Z : CMP C, # 0 ; Compare C with 0
JZ X ; Jump to X if 0 flag is set
SUB C, # 1 ; C ⇽ C – 1
RRC A, # 1 ; Rotate right A through carry by one bit
JC Y ; Jump to Y if any carry flag is set
JMP Z ; Jump to Z
Y : ADD B, # 1 ; B ⇽ B + 1
JMP Z ; Jump to Z
X

8. If the initial value of register A is A0 , the value of register B after the program execution will be

  • Option : B
  • Explanation : The value of B after execution of the program is number of 1 bits in A0 because Jump is occur only when carry flag is set to 1.
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Consider the following assembly language program for a hypothetical processor. A, B and C are 8 bit registers. The meanings of various instructions are shown as comments.
MOV B, # 0 ; B ⇽ 0
MOV C, # 8 ; C ⇽ 8
Z : CMP C, # 0 ; Compare C with 0
JZ X ; Jump to X if 0 flag is set
SUB C, # 1 ; C ⇽ C – 1
RRC A, # 1 ; Rotate right A through carry by one bit
JC Y ; Jump to Y if any carry flag is set
JMP Z ; Jump to Z
Y : ADD B, # 1 ; B ⇽ B + 1
JMP Z ; Jump to Z
X

9. Which of the following instructions when inserted at location X will ensure that the value of register A after program execution is the same as its initial value?

  • Option : A
  • Explanation : X : RRC A, # 1 then the value of A is same as its actual value.
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10. Consider the following program segment for a hypothetical CPU having three user registers R1, R2 and R3.

Consider the following program segment for a hypothetical CPU having three user registers R1, R2 and R3

Let the clock cycles required for various operations be as follows :
Register to/from memory transfer.
3 clock cycles
ADD with both operands in register.
1 clock cycles
Instruction fetch and decode :
2 clock cycles per word
The total number of clock cycles required to execute the program is

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