Two propositions are contradictory, if one
of them is a denial of another. They cannot
both be true, and cannot both be false. They
have same subjects and predicates but are
different in quantities as well as qualities.
Two propositions are contrary, if they cannot
both be true, but they might both be false.
They have same subjects and predicates; and,
are different in qualities but have the same
universal quantities.
A superaltern is a universal proposition that
is the basis for the immediate inference of a
corresponding particular proposition.
A proposition is a subaltern of another if it
must be true in case its superaltern is true,
and its superaltern must be false in case the
subaltern is false.
Negating a response is negative feedback.
Positive or confirmatory feedback contains
approval or affirmation (Yes, correct, etc.).
Corrective feedback includes guidance
towards correct response.
When a message communicated is received
selectively it is called communication
selectivity.
Hence, only conclusions (d) is true. In any cases all bells are not ornaments.
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