Computer System Architecture - Pipeline and Vector Processing

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1. In an instruction execution pipeline, the earliest that the data TLB (Translation Look a side Buffer) can be accessed is

  • Option : B
  • Explanation : Translations Look aside Buffer can be accessed during effective address calculations.
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2. Comparing the time T1 taken for a single instruction on a pipelined CPU with time T2 taken on a non-pipelined but identical CPU, we can say that

  • Option : B
  • Explanation : Pipelining does not increase the execution time of a single instruction. It increases the overall performance by executing instructions in multiple pipeline stages.
    For N=1
    Pipelined CPU :
    Total time (T1) = (K + (N – 1)) * T = KT
    Non-Pipelined CPU :
    Total time (T2) = KNT = KT
    Considering buffer delays in pipelined CPU,
    T1 > = T2
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3. The performance of a pipelined processor suffers if

  • Option : D
  • Explanation : Pipelining is a method to execute a program breaking it in several independent sequence of stages.
    In that case pipeline stages can’t have different delays, no dependency among consecutive instructions and sharing of hardware resources should not be there.
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4. Consider a pipelines processor with 4 stages S1 to S4. We want to execute the following loop : for (i = 1, i < = 1000; i++) {I1, I2, I3, I4} where the time taken (in ns) by instructions I1 to I4 for stages S1 to S4 are given below

 S1S2S3S4
I1 :1212
I2 :2121
I3 :1121
I4 :2121
The output of I1 for i = 2 will be available after

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5. A 4-stage pipleline has the stage delays as 150, 120, 160 and 140 nanoseconds respectively. Registers that are used between the stages have a delay of 5 nanoseconds each. Assuming constant clocking rate, the total time taken to process 1000 data items on this pipeline will be

  • Option : B
  • Explanation : Delay is 5 nanosecond/stage.
    Total delay in pipeline = 150 + 120 + 160 + 140
    = 570
    Delay due to stage delay = 15
    Total delay = 585
    Total time taken = 1000 data item size/585ns
    = 165.5 microsecond
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