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Logical Reasoning MCQ - Logical Thinking

1 Which of the following statements are mutually inconsistent?
I. Mostly poets are not egoistic.
II. Mostly poets are humble.
III. Some poets are egoistic.
IV. Some poets are not non-egoistic.
Codes:

The logical form of statement I is ‘some poets are not egoistic’.
The opposite of egoistic is not ‘humble’ or ‘not egoistic’. So I and III are mutually inconsistent.

2 Statement: If all men are mortal, and if Rama is a man, Rama is also mortal

3 If ‘no politician is dishonest’ is false, then the statement ‘some politicians are dishonest’ shall be

Please refer to ‘square of opposition’. If a statement is false, its contradictory is taken to be true. The contradictory of ‘No politician is dishonest’ (E type) is ‘Some politicians are dishonest’ (I type). So it is true.

4 If the statement ‘some men are cruel’ is false, which of the following statement/s is/are true?
I. All men are cruel.
II. No men are cruel.
III. Some men are not cruel.
Codes:

5 Proposition
No teacher is on time for the class.
Conclusions

As there is a single proposition, we can apply immediate inference to draw conclusion. This is an E-type proposition with ‘teacher’ as subject and ‘(persons) on time for the class’ as the predicate which can conclude only E type. After conversion, ‘persons who are on time’ becomes subject, and teacher becomes predicate. So, option (a) is the answer.

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Question:

The oldest extant Nyaya text is the Nyayasutra that is attributed to great guru

A. Patanjali
B. Gautama
C. Vatsyayana
D. Udayana

Correct answer: B

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