Higher Education System MCQ - Higher Education Systems Section 2
B.F. Skinner, a behavioral psychologist, pioneered the use of teaching machines in the 1950s. His idea was to apply operant conditioning principles to education, allowing learners to receive immediate reinforcement.
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Option A: B. F. Skinner began the movement for their use – Correct; he introduced the idea and created early prototypes.
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Option B: Designed to replace teachers – Incorrect; they were meant to support, not replace, teachers.
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Option C: Not as efficient in reinforcing responses – Incorrect; they were precisely designed to efficiently reinforce learning.
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Option D: Can be used for all programs – Overgeneralization; not all subjects are suited to this format.
An individualized learning plan caters to the child’s unique background, strengths, and challenges. It helps integrate the student into the learning process effectively and sensitively, respecting cultural differences.
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Option A: Places in similar group – May isolate or stereotype; not ideal.
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Option B: Annual IQ test – Doesn’t address learning or socio-emotional support.
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Option C: Teacher training only – Helpful but not sufficient alone.
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Option D: Individualized plan – Correct; provides tailored support addressing both academic and cultural factors.
The College Entrance Examination Board is a non-governmental, non-profit organization that administers standardized tests like the SAT. It doesn't impose national control in a policy sense, unlike federal initiatives.
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Option A: National Science Foundation – Federal body influencing curricula and research priorities.
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Option B: National Institute of Mental Health – Involves federal research and psychological standards.
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Option C: College Board – Correct; it’s a private entity, not a national policymaker.
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Option D: National Defence Education Act – Enacted federal control and funding post-Sputnik.
Rationalization is a defense mechanism where a person justifies a failure with a seemingly logical reason instead of accepting the real cause—in this case, not studying. It's a way to protect self-esteem.
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Option A: Conversion – Psychological condition involving repressed conflict turning into symptoms.
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Option B: Sympathism – Not a recognized psychological term.
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Option C: Rationalization – Correct; making excuses to justify failure.
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Option D: Compensation – Involves making up for a weakness by excelling elsewhere.
