UGC NET Management Previous Year Solved Papers - December 2019
- Option : C
- Explanation : The information collected directly for the
first time for a specific purpose is primary
data. The primary data is collected through
questionnaire interviews, consumers, dealers,
company’s record. The primary data are real
and specific. The following are the methods
of collecting primary or new data:
(a) Experimentation.
(b) Observation.
(c) Surveys—mail, telephone, personal
(d) Motivational research techniques interviews.
- Option : C
- Explanation : Brand proliferation is the opposite of brand extension and occurs when new products are given new brand names. This is essentially the basic individual branding strategy already discussed. Brand proliferation can help to expand both the market and the firm’s market share by increasing the variety offered to the customer. This can be used where little or no brand loyalty is noted, the rationale being to run a large number of brands and so pick up buyers who are constantly changing brands. This is called a multi-branding. However, if the products are insufficiently differentiated, it can lead to their competing with one another, an effect know n as brand cannibalization.
- Option : C
- Explanation : Accounting concepts or assumptions are the
foundation of systematic and proper
accounting. Th ey include those basic
conditions upon which the science of
accounting is based. They are as follows:
1. Separate entity concept
2. Going concern concept
3. Money measurement concept
4. Cost concept
5. Dual aspect concept
6. Accounting period concept
7. Periodic matching of cost and revenue concept
8. Realization concept Going Concern Concept The going concern concept assumes that the entity is a going concern, that is, it will continue to operate for an indefinitely long period in the future. In other words, it will not cease doing business, sell its assets, and make final payment to its lenders, creditors, and owners. The operational significance of this assumption is that the assets (say, plant and machinery, office equipment, land, and building, etc.) are not shown in the balance sheet at the value at which they can be sold in the market. Instead, these assets are valued considering their likely contribution to the value of goods produced/services rendered by their use in future years.
Assume the ATCPL purchases machine for ` 50 lakh on April 1, 2007, with expected the economic useful life of 5 years, with no salvage value. Assume further that the machine’s efficiency/productivity is likely to be the same for all its 5-year useful life. Accordingly, ` 10 lakh would be charged as depreciation as an expense for its use in a year 2007-08. On 31st March 2008, it would be shown at ` 40 lakh (` 50 lakh – ` 10 lakh) as an asset in the balance sheet. Obviously, ` 40 lakh does not represent the sale/market value of the assets. Since the assumption is going concerned, the current resale value of the machine is irrelevant.
In valuing assets, therefore, current resale value (of assets shown in the balance sheet) is irrelevant as they will not be sold as such, but rather they will be used in the creation of future output values. In other words, the going concern value is an antithesis of the liquidation value.
- Option : D
- Explanation : Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO): An intergovernmental organization founded in Shanghai on 15 June 2001. The SCO mostly focused on regional security issues, its fight against regional terrorism, ethnic separatism, and religious extremism. The SCO’s priorities also include regional development. The SCO currently comprises eight Member States (China, India, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia, Pakistan, Tajikistan, and Uzbekistan), four Observer States interested in acceding to full membership (Afghanistan, Belarus, Iran, and Mongolia) and six “Dialogue Partners” (Armenia, Azerbaijan, Cambodia, Nepal, Sri Lanka, and Turkey).
