People, Development and Environment - People, Development and Environment Section 1

• Troposphere – 1. Dust particles
  The troposphere is the lowest layer where most of the weather and atmospheric dust are found.
• Stratosphere – 2. Ozone layer
  The stratosphere contains the ozone layer which absorbs harmful ultraviolet rays.
• Mesosphere – 3. Meteors
  Meteors burn up in the mesosphere due to friction with the atmosphere.
• Exosphere – 4. Aurora
  Auroras actually occur in the thermosphere, which is often merged conceptually with the upper parts of the exosphere, making this pairing acceptable in general classifications.

• Option A: 1 2 4 3
  Incorrect. Aurora is not associated with the mesosphere.

• Option B: 1 2 3 4
  Correct. Each layer is matched correctly with its major characteristic.

• Option C: 2 1 4 3
  Incorrect. Ozone is not in the troposphere, and aurora is misplaced.

• Option D: 2 1 3 4
  Incorrect. Ozone and dust particles are switched between troposphere and stratosphere.

Tropical moist forests, especially tropical rainforests, support the greatest diversity of plant and animal species on Earth. These ecosystems offer stable climates, high humidity, and consistent rainfall, creating ideal conditions for a wide range of organisms to thrive.

• Option A: temperate deciduous forests
  Incorrect. These forests have moderate biodiversity, but not as rich as tropical forests.

• Option B: tropical moist forests
  Correct. These forests have the highest biodiversity due to their favorable climate and complex structure.

• Option C: heavily polluted rivers
  Incorrect. Pollution severely reduces biodiversity in aquatic ecosystems.

• Option D: desert lands
  Incorrect. Harsh, dry conditions in deserts support only a limited number of specially adapted species.

Different regions of the world use different names for similar tropical storms. The naming convention varies depending on the location of occurrence.

• Cyclone – India (3)
  In the Indian Ocean region, tropical storms are called cyclones.

• Hurricane – USA (4)
  In the North Atlantic and northeastern Pacific, they are called hurricanes.

• Typhoon – China (1)
  In the northwestern Pacific, particularly near East and Southeast Asia, they are known as typhoons.

• Willy-Willy – Australia (2)
  In Australia, tropical cyclones are often referred to as willy-willies.

• Option A: 3 4 2 1
  Incorrect. Willy-Willy is wrongly matched with China.

• Option B: 4 3 2 1
  Incorrect. Cyclone and hurricane are mismatched.

• Option C: 3 4 1 2
  Correct. All storm types are correctly matched with their region.

• Option D: 4 3 1 2
  Incorrect. Cyclone and hurricane are incorrectly paired.

The latitude of a place is defined as its angular distance north or south of the Equator. The Equator is the reference line at 0°, and latitude values range from 0° at the Equator to 90° at the poles.

• Option A: Equator
  Correct. Latitude is measured as the angle from the Equator, either north or south.

• Option B: South Pole
  Incorrect. The South Pole is at 90° south latitude, but it is not the reference point.

• Option C: Axis of the Earth
  Incorrect. The axis defines Earth's rotation but not latitude measurements.

• Option D: North Pole
  Incorrect. Like the South Pole, it's an endpoint, not the basis for measuring latitude.