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21. Which of the following terms is used for the word ‘probandum’?
Sadhya
Vyapati
Hetu
Anumana
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22. Which of the following statements are true in the context of ‘anumana’ ? 1. According to Nyaya, it is the indirect source of valid knowledge. 2. Anumana should have three terms – hetu, sadhya and paka 3. Anumana has five propositions Codes:
1 and 2
2 and 3
1 and 3
1, 2 and 3
23. Look at the following statement: ‘One can infer the existence of fire after perceiving the smoke that has an uninterrupted connection with the surface of the mountain’. Which of the following characteristics of ‘anumana’ or inference emerge from the above statement ? 1. It is indirect (paroksa). 2. It takes place through the medium of some mark which is called the “Hetu”. 3. It is invariably connected with the ‘major term’ (Sadhya) 4. It is that cognition which presupposes some other cognition 5. Anumana is a secondary proof Codes:
1, 2, 3 and 4
2, 3 and 4
1, 2 , 3 and 5
1, 2, 3, 4 and 5
24. Which of the following should be considered as the essential characteristic/s of ‘anumana’ (inference)? 1. Fire is inferred on the hill, where smoke is perceived in it, is called as Paksa ̧dharmata. 2. When universal relation between fire and smoke is known, it is called Vyapti. 3. Anumiti arises without the coexistence of the Hetu and Sadhya. Codes:
Only 1
Only 2
Both 1 and 2
All of the above
25. Which of the following is termed as the statement of reason?
hetu
pratijana
upanaya
nigamana
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