Logical Reasoning - Logical Thinking

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16. Match the following three terms of Indian Logic with Aristotelian logic.

Indian LogicAristotelian Logic
A. Paksa1. Middle Term
B. Sadhya2. Major Term
C. Linga3. Minor Term

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17. In its metaphysics, Nyaya is allied to the

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18. The Nyaya theory of causation defines a cause as an unconditional and invariable antecedent of an effect.
Match the following sets of causes:

Type of causeMeaning
A. Inherent1. It helps in the production of a cause
B. Non-inherent cause2. The substance out of which an effect is produced
C. Efficient cause3. The power that helps the material cause produce the effect

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19. Nyaya epistemologists speak of cognition. Which of the following are the components of such cognition?
1. Jñana
2. Buddhi
3. Upalabdhi
4. Pratyaya
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20. Which of the following statements are true in the context of Vyapti ?
1. Vyapti is a relation between Hetu and Sadhya.
2. Vyapti means co-presence, co-absence, co-presenceabsence of Hetu and Sadhya
3. Vyapti (the invariable association of middle and major terms) serves as the basis of Nyaya syllogism
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