Explanation : Advaita of Hindu philosophy identifies two
types of Direct Perception: determinate or
savikalpaka and indeterminate or nirvikalpaka.
Determinate perception is that where the
knowledge of an object gained from the
statement has determinism associated with
it as it is characterized by the predicate or
directly relatable in terms of the substantive
and its attributes.
Indeterminate perception is one where the
knowledge gained from the statement is
not directly relatable to the subject, i.e. the
determinism '1 know this' is not discretely
present For example: 'This is that Shiva'has
two components 'this is Shiva' and 'that was
Shiva' where 'this' stands for what is present
before us while 'that' refers to the past that
has to be recalled from memory.
Explanation : Though 'sound is audible' is true, it is rather
insignificant or trivial reason to support the
statement 'Sound is permanent'.
Fallacy of trivial reason: a reason given
in support of a conclusion being very
insignificant in establishing the truth or falsity
of the conclusion.
Fallacy of the irrelevant reason: a reason given
in support of a conclusion being irrelevant
to the truth or falsity of the conclusion.
Fallacy of contradictory reason: a reason given
in support of a conclusion being contradictory
to the truth or falsity of the conclusion.
Fallacy of wrong assertion: a reason repeatedly
asserted as true despite being faulty.
Explanation : The major term here is 'gentlemen'.
Categorical Syllogism is a deductive argument
consisting of three propositions/statements-
two premises (a major and a minor) and
the conclusion. There are three terms-the
major term, the minor term, and the middle
term--in the Subject and Predicate of these
statements/propositions.
Major term--the subject of the major premise
and predicate of the conclusion.
Minor term-the subject of the conclusion.
Middle term- appears as a subject or
predicate in both premises but excluded
from the conclusion.