Explanation : a report,
A position paper is a detailed written report
from an organization or government which
outlines its position/attitude/ intention
regarding a particular issue; or, explains/
justifies! recommends some particular policy
or course of action it proposes.
Explanation : Case studies are
A case study is a research strategy involving
an in-depth holistic investigation, empirical
inquiry or descriptive/exploratory analysis
of persons, groups, phenomena, decisions,
periods, policies, institutions or other systems
within real-life context.
Explanation : 'Teaching for understanding' i.e., reducing
textbook information to concepts/areas of
critical understanding and presenting logical
step-by-step instruction/explanation around
big ideas is a key behaviour contributing to
effective teaching.
Several other research· based teaching
behaviours or presentation techniques have
been found to be effective for all students at
all levels. For instance,
Explicit Instruction: informing students
about what they are going to learn, what
is its rationale and its relation with their
previous learning and what learning outcome
is expected of them; and providing a standard!
model work for students to compare their
output with.
Scaffolded Instruction: providing students
continual support as they proceed but
gradually reducing the level/quantum of
help as students demonstrate competence
in working independently.
Explanation : Primary sources contain original thinking,
report on new discoveries, or share fresh
information. Secondary sources offer an
analysis or restatement of primary sources.
Tertiary sources index, abstract, organize,
compile, or digest primary and secondary
sources. Reference materials and textbooks
are considered tertiary sources when their
chief purpose is to list, summarize or simply
repackage ideas or other information. Tertiary
sources are usually not credited to a particular
author.
Examples of Tertiary Sources: Dictionaries
/ encyclopaedias (may also be secondary),
almanacs, filet books, Wikipedia, bibliographies
(may also be secondary), directories, guidebooks,
manuals, handbooks, and textbooks (may be
secondary), indexing and abstracting sources.
Explanation : Diagnostic evaluation allows a teacher to
determine students' individual strengths,
weaknesses, knowledge, and skills prior to
instruction. It is primarily used to diagnose
student difficulties and guide lesson and
curriculum planning.
Summative assessment is evaluating student
learning, skill acquisition, and academic
achievement at the conclusion of a defined
instructional period.
Formative assessment is in-process evaluation
serving as feedback (for self-reflection) to
identify strengths and weaknesses in teaching
learning process and target problems/areas
that need to be addressed.
Follow-up evaluations is done to test if the
program objectives of teacher education
programs have been achieved by observing
the behaviours of teacher education graduates.