People, Development and Environment - People, Development and Environment Section 2

A. Commander Robert E. Peary of the U.S. – Incorrect. Peary is known for leading the first expedition to the North Pole in 1909, not the South Pole.

B. Ranald Amundsen from Norway – Correct. Roald Amundsen led the first successful expedition to the South Pole, reaching it on December 14, 1911. He used sled dogs and careful planning, beating Robert Scott’s British team.

C. The Navigator Ferdinand Magellan – Incorrect. Magellan led the first circumnavigation of the Earth in the 16th century but did not travel to the South Pole.

D. Sir Francis Drake of England – Incorrect. Drake was a famous English explorer and privateer who sailed around the world but never explored the polar regions.

A freely suspended magnetic needle (like the one in a compass) always aligns itself in the North–South direction. This is because:

• The Earth behaves like a giant magnet with a magnetic field.

• The magnetic north pole of the needle is attracted toward the Earth’s magnetic south pole, which is geographically near the North Pole.

• As a result, one end of the needle points toward the geographic North, and the other toward the geographic South.

This principle is the basis of how compasses work, helping in navigation.

Why the other options are wrong:

• A. North-West direction – Incorrect; the needle may temporarily swing, but it settles in the North–South direction.

• C. North-East direction – Not aligned with the Earth’s magnetic field.

• D. South-West direction – Also incorrect; not the stable direction for a magnetic needle.

 Summary:

• A freely suspended magnetic needle settles in the North–South direction due to Earth's magnetic field.

• Hence, the correct answer is: B. North–South direction.