Correct Answer: A. Rousseau
Explanation:
Jean-Jacques Rousseau, an 18th-century French philosopher and educational reformer, is most famously known for his work Émile, or On Education. In this book, Rousseau laid the foundation for many modern educational principles, including the principle of "pupil activity".
According to Rousseau:
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Education should be child-centered.
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Learning happens best through active participation, not passive listening.
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Children should learn by doing and experiencing, rather than through rote memorization.
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A teacher's role is to facilitate and guide rather than directly instruct all the time.
This idea formed the basis of progressive education, which emphasizes hands-on learning, discovery, and activity-based teaching — all rooted in the principle of pupil activity.
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B. Handezrson – Likely a misprint or incorrect name. No major educational theorist by this exact name is known for this principle.
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C. Comenius – A 17th-century educator who emphasized sensory learning and universal education but didn’t directly propose the “pupil activity” principle.
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D. Binet – Known for developing the first intelligence test (IQ test), not for educational pedagogy focused on student activity.
Summary:
The principle of "pupil activity" — the idea that students learn best when they are actively involved in the learning process — was primarily advocated by Rousseau.
