Artificial Intelligence - Natural Language Processing

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21. Calculate P(they play in a big garden) assuming a bi-gram language model.

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22. Assume that you are using a bi-gram language model with add one smoothing. Calculate P(they play in a beautiful garden).

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23. Which of the following are true?
1. Given a CFG and its corresponding CNF, they both produce the same language.
2. For a given grammar, there can be more than one CNF
3. It requires '2n+1' productions or steps in CNF to generate a string w of length 'n'
4. None of the above

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24. Consider the CFG given below:
S -> ASA | aB
A -> B | s
B -> b | ε
How many non-terminals need to be added to convert the above grammar into CNF?

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25. Which of the following are true with respect to a Top-Down and Bottom-Up Parser?
1. A Top-Down Parser never explores options that will not lead to a full parse.
2. A Bottom-Up Parser never explores options that will not lead to a full parse.
3. A Top-Down Parser never explores options that do not connect to the actual sentence.
4. A Bottom-Up Parser never explores options that do not connect to the actual sentence.

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