Value education concerns the development and practice of ethical and social values.
Why D may be intended: Values can contribute to a learner’s broader personal and social development.
Why the item needs review: Option C, inculcation of virtues, states the immediate focus of value education more directly. Holistic personality development is a broader educational outcome.
Suggested revision: Ask for the broad aim if D is intended, or ask what value education directly develops if C is intended. The current wording does not establish a single clear answer.