0. Most students in medieval universities learned by:
In medieval universities, the primary method of instruction was oral, and students learned mainly by listening to lectures given by masters. Books were scarce and expensive, so professors would read aloud from texts and comment on them, while students took notes and memorized the material.
Option A: laboratory experimentation – Incorrect; laboratory-based learning was not common in medieval universities, especially in the early period.
Option B: reading the Bible – Incorrect; although theology was a major field of study, learning was not limited to Bible reading and was typically mediated through lectures.
Option C: listening to lectures – Correct; this was the dominant teaching method due to limited access to written texts.
Option D: studying in libraries – Incorrect; libraries were rare and access to books was limited, making self-study uncommon.