Explanation : A history of science and its relations with Philosophy and religion was expressed by William Cecil Dampier. According to him the English word 'Science' is used as a shortened term for natural Science. He said that Science may be defined as ordered knowledge of natural Phenomena and the rational study of the relations between the concepts in which these Phenomena are expressed.
Explanation : Various commissions and committees on education set-up by Government of India after Independence emphasised the teaching of science from the primary level. All of them emphasised the teaching of science for • Fundamental principles and concepts useful in daily life. • The development of process skills like observation, classification, measurement, communication etc. • To nurture the natural curiosity, aesthetic sense and creativity in pupils and enabling them to carry out innovations in Science. • Certain socially desirable habits like honesty, truth, tolerance, self-confidence, self-reliance etc should be inculcated through the science teaching.
Explanation : According to UNESCO (1971) the objectives and principles of Environmental studies are the scientific study of the environmental system, which imparting basic knowledge about the environment, its necessity, utility and relationship with life.
Explanation : The project method is the embodiment of a new way of looking at the pupil and a new way of teaching him to live. It aims at bringing out what is in the child and at allowing him to develop himself. It gives an opportunity for self-expression and for relating the self to the community. Project method has the following steps 1. Creating situation 2. Selection of the problem 3. Planning 4. Execution 5. Evaluation 6. Reporting and recording.
Explanation : According to National Curriculum Framework 2005, for primary grades, the natural and the social environments will be explained as integral parts of languages and mathematics. Children should be engaged in activities to understand the natural and social environments through illustrations from the physical, biological, social and cultural spheres.