Manag., January-2017-Q8
- Option : B
- Explanation : V. A. Graicunas, A French management consultant, suggested mathematical formulas to fix the number of subordinates under one superior. He identified three types of relationships between superiors and subordinates.
They are:
1. Direct Single Relationships: Such relations arise from the direct individual contract of superior with subordinates. If there are three subordinates, there will be three direct single relationships.
2. Direct Group Relationships: Such relations arise between the superior and subordinates in all possible combinations. If there are three subordinates, there will be nine possible combinations.
3. Cross Relationships: Such relations arise because of mutual interactions of subordinates under one superior. If there are three subordinates, there will be six relationships. Graicunas gave the following formulas to find out the number of relationships with n number of subordinates, which determine the span of control:
Direct single relationships = n
Direct group relationships = n (2n–1 – 1)
Cross relationships = n(n – 1)
Total relationships = n (2n / 2 + n – 1)
Cross relationships = n (n – 1)
= 3(3 – 1) = 6
