HES1 Q.1

India is a secular state because it does not have an official state religion and grants all its citizens the freedom to practice, profess, and propagate any religion. The Indian Constitution ensures the separation of religion from government functions and promotes religious tolerance and equality.

Option A: Secular State
Correct. India guarantees religious freedom and treats all religions equally under the law.

Option B: Bilingual State
Incorrect. India is multilingual, not just bilingual, with 22 scheduled languages and hundreds of regional languages spoken.

Option C: Communist State
Incorrect. India is a democratic republic with a mixed economy, not governed by communist ideology.

Option D: Capitalist State
Incorrect. While India has capitalist features, it follows a mixed economy model combining both private and public sectors.