Explanation : The total return of an index is the price appreciation, or change in the
value of the price return index, plus income (dividends and/or interest)
over the period, expressed as a percentage of the beginning value of the
price return index.
TRI = (V PRI1 - V PRI0 + Inc1) / V
Where TRI = the total return of the index portfolio (as a decimal number) VPRI1= the value of
the price return index at the end of the period
VPRI0 = the value of the price return index at the beginning of the period
Inc1 = the total income (dividends and/or interest) from all securities in the index held over
the period -3.5% = (1000 - VPRI0 + 45.5 12) / VPRI0;
VPRI0 = (1000 + 45.5 + 12) / (1 - 3.5%) = 1,096.