Explanation : Research studies are meant not only to
answer research questions but also stand as
reference/guidance for further research in
the same or related area (s). A researcher
must be able to produce results which
are contemporary and relevant. For this,
it is imperative to use updated data and
resources. By citing old references, the
academic/ scholar/researcher shows that
they have not cared to update the materials/
resources used for their research study and
thereby, has committed the serious lapse
of carelessness which will undermine the
relevance of the study.
Technical lapse refers to the lapse relates
particular subject, art, or craft, or its
techniques.
Ethical lapse relates to compromise with the
moral aspects involved.
Academic ignorance means lack of
knowledge about education and/or
scholarship.