Explanation : Memory cycle time = 250 nsec memory is refreshed 32 times per msec i.e. Number of refreshes in 1 memory cycle (i.e in 250 nsec) = (32 * 250 * 10-9) / 10-3 = 8 * 10-3. Time taken for each refresh = 100 nsec Time taken for 8 * 10-3 refreshes = 8 * 10-3 * 100 * 10-9. = 8 * 10-10 Percentage of the memory cycle time used for refreshing : = (Time taken to refresh in 1 memory cycle / Total time) * 100 = (8 * 10-10 / 250 * 10-9) * 100 = 0.032 * 10 = 0.32 So, option (D) is correct.